Which method of heat transfer involves direct contact with a hot surface?

The method of heat transfer that involves direct contact with a hot surface is conduction. This process occurs when heat energy is transferred between materials that are in direct physical contact with each other. When one object is heated, its molecules vibrate and, in turn, transfer that thermal energy to adjacent molecules of another object that is in contact with it. This is a key characteristic of conduction, making it distinct from the other methods of heat transfer.

Convection, on the other hand, deals with the transfer of heat through fluids (liquids or gases) and involves the movement of the fluid itself. Radiation refers to the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves and does not require direct contact or a medium for propagation, as heat can travel through a vacuum. Combustion is a chemical reaction that releases heat, but it is not a method of heat transfer in itself. Understanding these distinctions clarifies why conduction is the right answer to the question posed.